(Enn) Nafnlaus ๐ฎ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ
@nafnlaus.bsky.social
A flyover of the eruption at Sundhnรบkagรญgarรถรฐin shows no lava in the crater (though it could still be flowing in lava tubes):
kuula.co/share/5CrzJ?...
With uplift continuing even before flow cessation, it seems only a matter of time before there's another large outburst at a random location.
Sundhnรบkur eruption overview - May 9th, 2024. Day 54 of th...
Sundhnรบkur eruption overview - May 9th, 2024. Day 54 of the eruption that began on March 16th, 2024. Taken after last active lava was seen in the crater. Copyright: Hรถrรฐur Kristleifsson
kuula.co
Amazing (and sad) how much the US Republican party has changed in the past decade.
John McCain on Ukraine, in 2015: "I'm ashamed of my country" over not doing more to support Ukraine.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBvF...
John McCain: "Ashamed of my country" over Ukraine response
Sen. John McCain, R-Arizona, discusses his disappointment with America's lack of response to the Ukraine crisis.
www.youtube.comNearly 3/4ths of Russia's economy is inside Ukrainian drone range.
This is the modern era; production doesn't stay in the area that it happens, and consumption is not local. Lettuce grown in Arizona is sold in New York. Pistachios grown in California are sold in China. Etc. Things move around.
To be fair, they can't "see" spellings, as they work with tokens; it's sort of like asking a blind person about colours.
That said, there's no excuse for that "menu" one!
Happy Himmelfartsdag to all you Danish Blueskyers out there! ;)
(Don't worry, you're never going to lose a silly-language-competition to the Dutch. ;) )
Actually would be immensely useful for surveillance as well. Not just talking optics here - that radar can pick up targets as far away as 250km.
In modern warfare the A-10 hasn't been as effective in reality as its legendary reputation. But that gun would rip through WWII armour as though it were made of butter.
No SAMS / MANPADS in WWII, though flak density was immense.
I mean, just forgetting that the A-10 carries Sidewinders...
Not only would they have to hit a target that's at 13500m but can still precision-strike them, but they'd have to intercept it at 675 kph / 420 mph. Same as the fastest prop planes.
The jets and rockets outrun it, briefly, but they made limited numbers & they too struggled with the ceiling.
Forget flying over a ridge - did the Germans even *have* anything that could hit a 13500 meter operating ceiling for most of the war? Assuming that an unlimited supply of modern munitions came from the plane, amusingly, I think it'd have been most valuable as a strategic precision bomber ;)
RFK Jr: "That's not my brain, that's a screenshot from a documentary!"
The one language I didn't add subtitles for is Icelandic, because even though the text is from the 13th century, it's still readable for the most part :)
To a modern Icelandic speaker, Old Icelandic is kind of like an English speaker reading Shakespeare. Though it's much more ancient.
It's a song about how life is fleeting and everyone is going to die and leave only their accomplishments and reputation behind. It had to turn metal at some point ;)
There are subtitles available - though I *might* have taken some liberties with the Russian subtitles in the middle of the track ;)
My first song in Icelandic (or rather, Modern Icelandic + 13th century Old Icelandic, from the Hรกvamรกl)
2 1/2 weeks in the works.
71 tracks in in the mix, with 3911 edits.
A memento mori. Gjรถriรฐ svo vel :)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXfy...
#Music
Deyr Fรฉ, Deyja Frรฆndur [Hรกvamรกl + Halldor Laxness]
Translation: ----- [Hรกvamรกl] Much too early I've come to many... ...places, but sometimes too late. The ale was drunk, or sometimes wasn't yet brewed, One seldom finds the right occasion. Here and there I'd be invited to someone's home When I had no need of food. Or two thighs would be hanging at a dear friend's home, When I'd already eaten one Fire is best for the sons of men... ...and the sight of the sun, for one's health, If one can manage to keep it, Living without disgrace. [Chorus] Livestock die. Relatives die. One will themselves likewise die. But glory never dies, For one who can achieve it. No-one is totally wretched Even if they have bad luck. Some are blessed by their children. Some by kinsmen (some by wealth, some by great deeds) It's better to live a good life [then to be dead]**; It's always the living person who can get a cow. I saw a fire blaze up before a rich man But death was outside his door. [Chorus] Livestock die. Kinsmen die. One will themselves likewise die. But glory never dies For one who can achieve it. [Laxness] Was that, perchance, life... ? To have loved one summer in my youth And not realized until it was past; Seawater footsteps on the floor And sand in the footprints. The scent of a woman. Soft loving lips in the humid summer nights. A seabird. And then nothing more. Passed by. [Chorus] Livestock die, kinsmen die! One will themselves likewise die! But glory never dies For one who can achieve it! Livestock die, kinsmen die! One will themselves likewise die! But I know of one thing which never dies: The reputation of those who have passed! ------ Hรกvamรกl is a 10th century text on advice for life, attributed to the god Odin. The text was discovered in the 17th century in the Codex Regius, a 13th century vellum compilation of sagas and poetry. Various transliterations exist, and some differ on wording - for example, "Betra er lifรฐum og sรฆllifรฐum" (It's better to live a good life) vs. "Betra er lifรฐum en รณlifรฐum" (It's better to be alive than to be dead). The pronunciation of the Hรกvamรกl text in this song was rendered partway between 13th century and modern Icelandic, for clarity to modern listeners. The break in the middle of the song is text by Nobel laureate poet Halldรณr Laxness (1902 - 1998), from "Heimsljรณs: Hรถll Sumarlandsins". I hope you enjoy - I've worked on this memento mori for 2 1/2 weeks, with the final mix involving 71 tracks and 3190 edits. :) This song is released without sharing restrictions, as always - share as you will, credit appreciated but not required! See my profile description for more details.
www.youtube.comAnyone know if Youtube has a policy against inaccurate subtitles? I'm thinking about special-casing the Russian translation of the lyrics in the middle of a song...
The latter has lower density, but the hope is that it can lead to cheaper cells (it has its own issues, but that's a topic for another thread. The issues are definitely much more minor than for solid state!)
The two most radical changes we're seeing in the industry is (A) the aforementioned transition to dry manufacturing, led by Tesla, and (B) sodium ion, led mainly by several Chinese companies.
(A) companies who are trying to discourage you from buying EVs today (such as Toyota), and (B) the press who fawns over these stupid press releases and doesn't have much technological knowledge of li-ion cell manufacturing. The battery industry itself, by contrast, is NOT that into them.
And a lot of others. Plus a whole slew of non-lithium based cell technologies - some focused on lower cost, some focused on higher density.
So when talking about solid state, *this* is what you're competing with. Not "today's li-ion cells".
The people pushing solid state are overwhelmingly...
... much, is lithium-sulfur. Loss of sulfur to various lithium polysulfates has historically been a problem, as has been the low conductivity of sulfur, but both have had a lot of great progress in recent years, and there's even some low-volume / expensive but very high capacity LiS cells for sale.
... progress has been on cells designed to run at high-temperatures (>100C), wherein the oxide actually becomes quite reversible in certain circumstances. But this requires a compatible anode side, and using the cells at high temperatures only.
Another super-high-density option, though not as...
...rid of the vast majority of the mass.
We've entirely left off the cathode, and there's a huge variety of alternatives. What's often considered the ultimate is lithium-air, wherein the cathode is lithium superoxide, oxide, or hydroxide. These are challenging due to reversibility. The biggest...
There's also varying alternatives to lithium metal and silicon as well.
Here we're only talking about the active anode materials. But that's just a portion of the cell.
Anode current collectors are copper. This is heavier and more expensive than alumium. But copper-coated polymer foils can get...
... the cell mass is made of active materials. There's some manufacturing issues with really thick layers (though they seem largely solved now, for example with dry manufacturing), higher internal resistance (but solved with tabless) and lower power (but power keeps rising regardless).
... additive, because it swells and pulverizes itself, so it needs to be highly electrically grounded, and that means surrounded by graphite. But there's lots of research toward fixing / ameliorating this.
Next is the incredibly mundane: just thicker anode and cathode layers, so a higher % of...
First off, there's already significant process on *eliminating dendrites*, via changing electrolyte compositions, etc. Eliminating the very reason to mess with solid state to begin with.
Secondly, silicon stores nearly as much lithium as lithium metal. Currently it's only used as a minor anode...
... what's already on the market today. You have to compare with where other li-ion cells will be *then*, and that's a far less favourable comparison. Because meanwhile there's a wide range of development processes *other* than solid state going on.
... tough to manufacture and remain vulnerable to dendrites. And while you can address any of those things individually, it hurts the others at the same time.
The worst aspect however is the simple fact that... you don't compare some theoretical for solid state many years in the future, with...
Then you have *actually* be immune to dendrites and short circuits. But with such thin, brittle, hard-to-manufacture membranes, this is itself a big ask.
So what you actually have is slow / poorly conducting cells that don't actually offer that huge jump in energy density and which are very...
...solid state to so-called "hybrid" solid state cells. These still keep the glass / crystal membrane, but has either a liquid electrolyte, or a powder of the solid state separator, mixed in either the anode, cathode, or both. This added mass however undercuts part of the reason to go solid state.
So to even get there in the first place, you have to first diffuse through the solid, minimally-bound-together grains of the anode or cathode in circuituous paths, because you can't just hop into the liquid that wets them. This is such a big issue that a lot of research has moved away from pure...
A much bigger issue is that you're now trying to diffuse ions *through a piece of glass* as quickly as you'd diffuse them through a liquid. This... is a *really* big "ask".
It gets worse, though, because the membrane only exists at the space between the anode and cathode.
On the lesser-issues end, we have manufacturability. The goal is to put something hard and brittle between the anode and cathode instead of a soft plastic. Now, you can make *anything* flexible if you make it thin enough, but you're certainly not making life easy on yourself.
Hence, the idea behind solid states - why, we'll ditch the electrolyte (and its mass), and the graphite (and its greater mass), and put a piece of glass or crystal between the two sides that the dendrites can't pierce, and then we can use lithium metal!
This is... where the problems start.
The ultimate choice for the anode would seem to be lithium metal. But one of its most famous problems is that it tends to form dendrites - little tiny branching spikes - when it's deposited. This can pierce the separator membrane, leading to internal short circuits, which is bad.
We'd really like a LOT more than that.
The biggest thing to tackle would be getting rid of the graphite. While it's great in many respects - stable, conductive, etc - It kinda sucks at its job, in that it only holds a relatively small fraction of its mass in lithium.
On discharge, the inverse happens.
This has a lot of advantages. It's extremely efficient, since it's highly reversible. It charges and discharges quickly. You have a stable scaffold guiding everything. Etc.
On the downside, again, only 2-3% of the cell mass is your charge carrier, lithium.
On charge, lithium ions (+ charged) leave the cathode grains into the electrolyte, diffuses through the electrolyte, through the separator into the electrolyte on the other side, and into the anode grains. The lithium stops attracting electrons on the cathode side and starts on the anode side.
A mere 2-3% of the mass of a cell is lithium. Li-ion cells work via "intercalation", meaning the lithium doesn't (mainly) undergo a redox reaction, but rather, slots into gaps in the chemical structure in the anode and cathode, and works (mainly) via charge screening.
The jelly rolls are "tabbed" to connect to the positive and negative leads. The latest trend, introduced by Tesla several years ago, are tabless (or more accurately, continuously tabbed) jelly rolls, which means the current doesn't have to spiral a long path inside (aka reduces internal resistance)
... higher-quality products, though it's also much more challenging to manufacture that way).
The cathode films, anode films, and separator are soaked in the electrolyte and rolled up together, into what's called the "jelly roll". This is put into any variety of containers, such as steel cans.
Anode and cathodes are made as powders with consistent grain sizes. These are rolled out onto their foils, typically with a liquid binder that then has to be evaporated off in long vacuum ovens (though Tesla has started making cells with a dry binder that doesn't need vacuum ovens and makes...
... incompatible with the anode.
The anode and cathode are soaked in an electrolyte (primarily organic carbonates... kind of like a mild version of paint thinner, if you want a common analogy) with some varying additives.
Between the anode and cathode is a polymer separator membrane.